Cardiac Symptoms

A slow heart rate, also known as bradycardia, refers to a heart rate that is lower than the normal resting heart rate, which is typically between 60 to 100 beats per minute in adults. Athletes and well-conditioned individuals may have resting heart rates lower than 60 bpm, and it might be considered normal for them.

Bradycardia can be caused by various factors, and it’s essential to determine the underlying cause to decide on the appropriate course of action. Some potential causes of a slow heart rate include:

1. Athletic Conditioning: Regular exercise and physical fitness can lead to a slower resting heart rate, as the heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood.
2. Age: As people age, their heart rate may naturally slow down.
3. Medications: Certain medications, such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and some anti-arrhythmic drugs, can cause a decrease in heart rate as a side effect.
4. Medical Conditions: Bradycardia can also be a symptom of underlying medical conditions, including thyroid disorders, electrolyte imbalances, heart diseases, infections, or congenital heart abnormalities.
5. Sleep Apnea: This sleep disorder can cause brief interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to changes in heart rate.
6. Vagal Stimulation: The vagus nerve, when stimulated, can cause the heart rate to slow down. This can occur during vomiting, bearing down for a bowel movement, or during periods of anxiety or stress.
7. Hypothermia: Extremely low body temperature can slow down heart rate.
8. Imbalance of Autonomic Nervous System: An imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary body functions, can also lead to bradycardia.

Treatment for slow heart rate depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms. If bradycardia is not causing any noticeable issues or is related to athletic conditioning, no treatment may be required. However, if it’s caused by an underlying medical condition or medications, addressing those issues may help normalize the heart rate.

It’s important to seek medical advice if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms like dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain along with a slow heart rate, as these could indicate a more serious problem. A healthcare professional will be able to conduct a thorough evaluation, perform tests if necessary, and determine the appropriate course of action.